Current drugs’ effectiveness for Alzheimer disease (AD) is limited to elimination of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, AD-causative molecules, without recovery of damaged nervous tissues and their functions. Our stem cells encoding functional genes eliminate Aβ by activating neprilysin (NEP; an Aβ-degrading enzyme), regenerate injured neural cells by releasing neuroprotective and neuroregenerative GFs/NFs, and recover cognitive function by over-expressing ChAT gene (an enzyme synthesizing acetylcholine responsible for information/memory acquisition).

Functional proteins from stem cells are water-soluble, which are limited in penetrating bodily membranes including brain tissues. Stem cells release functional molecules in exosomes that are nano-particles (50~100 nm) composed of lipid-membranes. Exosomes readily penetrate membranes, deliver functional molecules to target sites, and thereby regulate body functions and regenerate injured cells and tissues. However, the content of exosomes is very low (<0.2%) in normal conditioned (culture) medium (CM). Exosome-rich conditioned medium (ERCM) of Designed Cells contains 50~100 times the exosomes in CM. ERCM is highly effective in AD, stroke, glaucoma, arthritis, atopy, skin regeneration and beauty, and so on.